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1.用Shell编程,判断一文件是不是字符设备文件,如果是将其拷贝到 /dev 目录下。
#!/bin/sh FILENAME= echo “Input file name:” read FILENAME if [ -c "$FILENAME" ] then cp $FILENAME /dev fi
2.设计一个shell程序,添加一个新组为class1,然后添加属于这个组的30个用户,用户名的形式为stdxx,其中xx从01到30。
#!/bin/sh i=1 groupadd class1 while [ $i -le 30 ] do if [ $i -le 9 ] ;then USERNAME=stu0${i} else USERNAME=stu${i} fi useradd $USERNAME mkdir /home/$USERNAME chown -R $USERNAME /home/$USERNAME chgrp -R class1 /home/$USERNAME i=$(($i+1)) done
3.编写shell程序,实现自动删除50个账号的功能。账号名为stud1至stud50。
#!/bin/sh i=1 while [ $i -le 50 ] do userdel -r stud${i} i=$(($i+1 )) done
4.某系统管理员需每天做一定的重复工作,请按照下列要求,编制一个解决方案:
(1)在下午4 :50删除/abc目录下的全部子目录和全部文件; (2)从早8:00~下午6:00每小时读取/xyz目录下x1文件中每行第一个域的全部数据加入到/backup目录下的bak01.txt文件内; (3)每逢星期一下午5:50将/data目录下的所有目录和文件归档并压缩为文件:backup.tar.gz; (4)在下午5:55将IDE接口的CD-ROM卸载(假设:CD-ROM的设备名为hdc); (5)在早晨8:00前开机后启动。参考答案:
解决方案: (1)用vi创建编辑一个名为prgx的crontab文件; (2)prgx文件的内容:50 16 * * * rm -r /abc/* 0 8-18/1 * * * cut -f1 /xyz/x1 >;>; /backup/bak01.txt 50 17 * * * tar zcvf backup.tar.gz /data 55 17 * * * umount /dev/hdc
(3)由超级用户登录,用crontab执行 prgx文件中的内容:
root@xxx:#crontab prgx;在每日早晨8:00之前开机后即可自动启动crontab。5.设计一个shell程序,在每月第一天备份并压缩/etc目录的所有内容,存放在/root/bak目录里,且文件名为如下形式yymmdd_etc,yy为年,mm为月,dd为日。Shell程序fileback存放在/usr/bin目录下。
参考答案:
(1)编写shell程序fileback:#!/bin/sh DIRNAME=`ls /root | grep bak` if [ -z "$DIRNAME" ] ; then mkdir /root/bak cd /root/bak fi YY=`date +%y` MM=`date +%m` DD=`date +%d` BACKETC=$YY$MM$DD_etc.tar.gz tar zcvf $BACKETC /etc echo “fileback finished!”
(2)编写任务定时器:
echo “0 0 1 * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback” >; /root/etcbakcron crontab /root/etcbakcron 或使用crontab -e 命令添加定时任务: 0 1 * * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback
6.有一普通用户想在每周日凌晨零点零分定期备份/user/backup到/tmp目录下,该用户应如何做?
参考答案:
(1)第一种方法: 用户应使用crontab –e 命令创建crontab文件。格式如下:0 0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp
(2)第二种方法:
用户先在自己目录下新建文件file,文件内容如下:0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp
然后执行 crontab file 使生效。
7.设计一个Shell程序,在/userdata目录下建立50个目录,即user1~user50,并设置每个目录的权限,其中其他用户的权限为:读;文件所有者的权限为:读、写、执行;文件所有者所在组的权限为:读、执行。
参考答案: 建立程序 Pro16如下:
#!/bin/sh i=1 while [ i -le 50 ] do if [ -d /userdata ];then mkdir -p /userdata/user$i chmod 754 /userdata/user$i echo “user$i” let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1)) else mkdir /userdata mkdir -p /userdata/user$i chmod 754 /userdata/user$i echo “user$i” let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1)) fi done
8、mysql备份实例,自动备份mysql,并删除30天前的备份文件
#!/bin/sh #auto backup mysql #wugk 2012-07-14 #PATH DEFINE BAKDIR=/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d` MYSQLDB=www MYSQLPW=backup MYSQLUSR=backup if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit! sleep 2 exit 0 fi if[ ! -d $BAKDIR ];then mkdir -p $BAKDIR else echo This is $BAKDIR exists ,please exit …. sleep 2 exit fi ###mysqldump backup mysql /usr/bin/mysqldump -u$MYSQLUSR -p$MYSQLPW -d $MYSQLDB >/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`/www_db.sql cd $BAKDIR ; tar -czf www_mysql_db.tar.gz *.sql cd $BAKDIR ;find . -name “*.sql” |xargs rm -rf[ $? -eq 0 ]&&echo “This `date +%Y-%m-%d` RESIN BACKUP is SUCCESS” cd /data/backup/mysql/ ;find . -mtime +30 |xargs rm -rf
9、自动安装Nginx脚本,采用case方式,选择方式,也可以根据实际需求改成自己想要的脚本
#!/bin/sh ###nginx install shell ###wugk 2012-07-14 ###PATH DEFINE SOFT_PATH=/data/soft/ NGINX_FILE=nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz DOWN_PATH=http://nginx.org/download/ if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit! sleep 2 exit 0 fi if[ ! -d $SOFT_PATH ];then mkdir -p $SOFT_PATH fi download () { cd $SOFT_PATH ;wget $DOWN_PATH/$NGINX_FILE } install () { yum install pcre-devel -y cd $SOFT_PATH ;tar xzf $NGINX_FILE ;cd nginx-1.2.0/ &&./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module [ $? -eq 0 ]&&make &&make install } start () { lsof -i :80[ $? -ne 0 ]&&/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx } stop () { ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep |awk ‘{print $2}’|xargs kill -9 } exit () { echo $? ;exit } ###case menu ##### case $1 in download ) download ;; install ) install ;; start ) start ;; stop ) stop ;; * ) echo “USAGE:$0 {download or install or start or stop}” exit esac
10、批量解压tar脚本,批量解压zip并且建立当前目录。
#!/bin/sh PATH1=/tmp/images PATH2=/usr/www/images for i in `ls ${PATH1}/*` do tar xvf $i -C $PATH2 done
这个脚本是针对所有tar文件在一个目录,但是实际情况中,有可能在下级或者更深的目录,我们可以使用find查找
#!/bin/sh PATH1=/tmp/images PATH2=/usr/www/images for i in `find $PATH1 -name ”*.tar” ` do tar xvf $i -C $PATH2 done
如何是zip文件,例如123189.zip 132342.zip 等等批量文件,默认unzip直接解压不带自身目录,意思是解压123189.zip完当前目录就是图片,不能创建123189目录下并解压,可以用shell脚本实现
上传文件大多数用的是ftp,但是用ftp有一点不好,就是本地和远程的目录要对应,这样就要在多个目录下去切换,这样挺麻烦的,如果不注意的话,很有可能传错。所以想了个办法利用scp来批量上传文件或者目录。
如果要用scp来上传文件,第一步就要去掉scp上传时要输入密码。要不然就没办法批量上传了。SSH免密码登陆:
1.在本机上生成id_rsa(私钥文件)和id_rsa.pub(公钥文件)root@ubuntu:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa
直接按回车直到完成
2.修改目录权限
root@ubuntu:-# chmod 700 /用户根目录/.ssh root@ubuntu:-# chmod 600 /用户根目录/.ssh/authorized_keys
3.上传公钥文件到远程服务器,生成authorized_keys文件
root@ubuntu:-# scp /用户根目录/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.1.11:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
此处也可以直接拷贝公钥到要实现免密码登陆的服务器此文件中,可以根据自己爱好选择实现方式
1,要上传的文件列表放到一个test文件中
root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# cat test /home/zhangy/test/aaa /home/zhangy/test/nginx.conf /home/zhangy/test/test.sql /home/zhangy/test/pa.txt /home/zhangy/test/password
上面就要上传的文件。
2,批量上传的脚本
vim file_upload.sh
#!/bin/sh DATE=`date +%Y_%m_%d_%H` if [ $1 ] then for file in $(sed '/^$/d' $1) //去掉空行 do if [ -f $file ] //普通文件 then res=`scp $file $2:$file` //上传文件 if [ -z $res ] //上传成功 then echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log //上传成功的日志 fi elif [ -d $file ] //目录 then res=`scp -r $file $2:$file` if [ -z $res ] then echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log fi fi done else echo "no file" >> ${DATE}_error.log fi
上传成功后,返回的是一个空行,上传不成功,什么都不返回
3,上传的格式
./file_upload.sh test 192.168.1.13
test是上传列表文件,192.168.1.13文件要传到的地方。
A script to convert the specified filenames to lower case.
#!/bin/sh # lowerit # convert all file names in the current directory to lower case # only operates on plain files--does not change the name of directories # will ask for verification before overwriting an existing file for x in `ls` do if [ ! -f $x ]; then continue fi lc=`echo $x | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'` if [ $lc != $x ]; then mv -i $x $lc fi done
or
if test $# = 0 then echo "Usage $0:" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for filename in "$@" do new_filename=`echo "$filename" | tr A-Z a-z` test "$filename" = "$new_filename" && continue if test -r "$new_filename" then echo "$0: $new_filename exists" 1>&2 elif test -e "$filename" then mv "$filename" "$new_filename" else echo "$0: $filename not found" 1>&2 fi done
A script to repeated download a webpage until it matches a regex then notify an e-mail address.
For example to get e-mail when Kesha tickets (not for yourself of course) go on sale you might run:
% watch_website.sh http://ticketek.com.au/ 'Ke[sS$]+ha' andrewt@cse.unsw.edu.au repeat_seconds=300 #check every 5 minutes if test $# = 3 then url=$1 regexp=$2 email_address=$3 else echo "Usage: $0" 1>&2 exit 1 fi while true do if wget -O- -q "$url"|egrep "$regexp" >/dev/null then echo "Generated by $0" | mail -s "$url now matches $regexp" $email_address exit 0 fi sleep $repeat_seconds done
This scripts converts GIF files to PNG files via the intermediate PPM format.
if [ $# -eq 0 ] then echo "Usage: $0 files..." 1>&2 exit 1 fi if ! type giftopnm 2>/dev/null then echo "$0: conversion tool giftopnm not found " 1>&2 exit 1 fi # missing "in ..." defaults to in "$@" for f do case "$f" in *.gif) # OK, do nothing ;; *) echo "gif2png: skipping $f, not GIF" continue ;; esac dir=`dirname "$f"` base=`basename "$f" .gif` result="$dir/$base.png" giftopnm "$f" | pnmtopng > $result && echo "wrote $result" done
A utility script to print the sub-range of integers specified by its arguments.
Useful to use on the command line or from other scripts
if test $# = 1 then start=1 finish=$1 elif test $# = 2 then start=$1 finish=$2 else echo "Usage: $0" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for argument in "$@" do if echo "$argument"|egrep -v '^-?[0-9]+$' >/dev/null then echo "$0: argument '$argument' is not an integer" 1>&2 exit 1 fi done number=$start while test $number -le $finish do echo $number number=`expr $number + 1` # or number=$(($number + 1)) done
Count the number of time each different word occurs in the files given as arguments.
sed 's/ /\n/g' "$@"| # convert to one word per line tr A-Z a-z| # map uppercase to lower case sed "s/[^a-z']//g"| # remove all characters except a-z and ' egrep -v '^$'| # remove empty lines sort| # place words in alphabetical order uniq -c| # use uniq to count how many times each word occurs sort -n # order words in frequency of occurrance For example % cd /home/cs2041/public_html/lec/shell/examples % ./word_frequency.sh dracula.txt|tail 2124 it 2440 that 2486 in 2549 he 2911 a 3600 of 4448 to 4740 i 5833 and 7843 the
Search $PATH for the specified programs
if test $# = 0 then echo "Usage $0:" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for program in "$@" do program_found='' for directory in `echo "$PATH" | tr ':' ' '` do f="$directory/$program" if test -x "$f" then ls -ld "$f" program_found=1 fi done if test -z $program_found then echo "$program not found" fi done
Alternative implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||
if test $# = 0 then echo "Usage $0:" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for program in "$@" do echo "$PATH"| tr ':' '\n'| while read directory do f="$directory/$program" if test -x "$f" then ls -ld "$f" fi done| egrep '.' || echo "$program not found" done
And another implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||
if test $# = 0 then echo "Usage $0:" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for program in "$@" do n_path_components=`echo $PATH|tr -d -c :|wc -c` index=1 while test $index -le $n_path_components do directory=`echo "$PATH"|cut -d: -f$index` f="$directory/$program" if test -x "$f" then ls -ld "$f" program_found=1 fi index=`expr $index + 1` done test -n $program_found || echo "$program not found" done
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