博客
关于我
强烈建议你试试无所不能的chatGPT,快点击我
常用shell脚本(转)
阅读量:4070 次
发布时间:2019-05-25

本文共 12662 字,大约阅读时间需要 42 分钟。

1.用Shell编程,判断一文件是不是字符设备文件,如果是将其拷贝到 /dev 目录下。

#!/bin/sh      FILENAME=      echo “Input file name:”      read FILENAME      if [ -c "$FILENAME" ]      then      cp $FILENAME /dev      fi

2.设计一个shell程序,添加一个新组为class1,然后添加属于这个组的30个用户,用户名的形式为stdxx,其中xx从01到30。

#!/bin/sh      i=1      groupadd class1      while [ $i -le 30 ]      do      if [ $i -le 9 ] ;then      USERNAME=stu0${i}      else      USERNAME=stu${i}      fi      useradd $USERNAME      mkdir /home/$USERNAME      chown -R $USERNAME /home/$USERNAME      chgrp -R class1 /home/$USERNAME      i=$(($i+1))      done

3.编写shell程序,实现自动删除50个账号的功能。账号名为stud1至stud50。

#!/bin/sh      i=1      while [ $i -le 50 ]      do      userdel -r stud${i}      i=$(($i+1 ))      done

4.某系统管理员需每天做一定的重复工作,请按照下列要求,编制一个解决方案:

(1)在下午4 :50删除/abc目录下的全部子目录和全部文件;
(2)从早8:00~下午6:00每小时读取/xyz目录下x1文件中每行第一个域的全部数据加入到/backup目录下的bak01.txt文件内;
(3)每逢星期一下午5:50将/data目录下的所有目录和文件归档并压缩为文件:backup.tar.gz;
(4)在下午5:55将IDE接口的CD-ROM卸载(假设:CD-ROM的设备名为hdc);
(5)在早晨8:00前开机后启动。

参考答案:

解决方案:
(1)用vi创建编辑一个名为prgx的crontab文件;
(2)prgx文件的内容:

50 16 * * * rm -r /abc/*      0 8-18/1 * * * cut -f1 /xyz/x1 >;>; /backup/bak01.txt      50 17 * * * tar zcvf backup.tar.gz /data      55 17 * * * umount /dev/hdc

(3)由超级用户登录,用crontab执行 prgx文件中的内容:

root@xxx:#crontab prgx;在每日早晨8:00之前开机后即可自动启动crontab。

5.设计一个shell程序,在每月第一天备份并压缩/etc目录的所有内容,存放在/root/bak目录里,且文件名为如下形式yymmdd_etc,yy为年,mm为月,dd为日。Shell程序fileback存放在/usr/bin目录下。

参考答案:

(1)编写shell程序fileback:

#!/bin/sh      DIRNAME=`ls /root | grep bak`      if [ -z "$DIRNAME" ] ; then      mkdir /root/bak      cd /root/bak      fi      YY=`date +%y`      MM=`date +%m`      DD=`date +%d`      BACKETC=$YY$MM$DD_etc.tar.gz      tar zcvf $BACKETC /etc      echo “fileback finished!”

(2)编写任务定时器:

echo “0 0 1 * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback” >; /root/etcbakcron      crontab /root/etcbakcron      或使用crontab -e 命令添加定时任务:      0 1 * * * /bin/sh /usr/bin/fileback

6.有一普通用户想在每周日凌晨零点零分定期备份/user/backup到/tmp目录下,该用户应如何做?

参考答案:

(1)第一种方法:
用户应使用crontab –e 命令创建crontab文件。格式如下:

0 0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp

(2)第二种方法:

用户先在自己目录下新建文件file,文件内容如下:

0 * * sun cp –r /user/backup /tmp

然后执行 crontab file 使生效。

7.设计一个Shell程序,在/userdata目录下建立50个目录,即user1~user50,并设置每个目录的权限,其中其他用户的权限为:读;文件所有者的权限为:读、写、执行;文件所有者所在组的权限为:读、执行。

参考答案: 建立程序 Pro16如下:

#!/bin/sh      i=1      while [ i -le 50 ]      do      if [ -d /userdata ];then      mkdir -p /userdata/user$i      chmod 754 /userdata/user$i      echo “user$i”      let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1))      else      mkdir /userdata      mkdir -p /userdata/user$i      chmod 754 /userdata/user$i      echo “user$i”      let “i = i + 1″ (或i=$(($i+1))      fi      done

8、mysql备份实例,自动备份mysql,并删除30天前的备份文件

#!/bin/sh      #auto backup mysql      #wugk  2012-07-14      #PATH DEFINE      BAKDIR=/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`      MYSQLDB=www      MYSQLPW=backup      MYSQLUSR=backup      if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then      echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!      sleep 2      exit 0      fi      if[ ! -d $BAKDIR ];then      mkdir -p $BAKDIR      else      echo This is $BAKDIR exists ,please exit ….      sleep 2      exit      fi      ###mysqldump backup mysql      /usr/bin/mysqldump -u$MYSQLUSR -p$MYSQLPW -d $MYSQLDB >/data/backup/mysql/`date +%Y-%m-%d`/www_db.sql      cd $BAKDIR ; tar -czf  www_mysql_db.tar.gz *.sql      cd $BAKDIR ;find  . -name “*.sql” |xargs rm -rf[ $? -eq 0 ]&&echo “This `date +%Y-%m-%d` RESIN BACKUP is SUCCESS”      cd /data/backup/mysql/ ;find . -mtime +30 |xargs rm -rf

9、自动安装Nginx脚本,采用case方式,选择方式,也可以根据实际需求改成自己想要的脚本

#!/bin/sh      ###nginx install shell      ###wugk 2012-07-14      ###PATH DEFINE      SOFT_PATH=/data/soft/      NGINX_FILE=nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz      DOWN_PATH=http://nginx.org/download/      if[ $UID -ne 0 ];then      echo This script must use administrator or root user ,please exit!      sleep 2      exit 0      fi      if[ ! -d $SOFT_PATH ];then      mkdir -p $SOFT_PATH      fi      download ()      {      cd $SOFT_PATH ;wget $DOWN_PATH/$NGINX_FILE      }      install ()      {      yum install pcre-devel -y      cd $SOFT_PATH ;tar xzf $NGINX_FILE ;cd nginx-1.2.0/ &&./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx/ –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module      [ $? -eq 0 ]&&make &&make install      }      start ()      {      lsof -i :80[ $? -ne 0 ]&&/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx      }      stop ()      {      ps -ef |grep nginx |grep -v grep |awk ‘{print $2}’|xargs kill -9      }      exit ()      {      echo $? ;exit      }      ###case menu #####      case $1 in      download )      download      ;;      install )      install      ;;      start )      start      ;;      stop )      stop      ;;      * )      echo “USAGE:$0 {download or install or start or stop}”      exit      esac

10、批量解压tar脚本,批量解压zip并且建立当前目录。

#!/bin/sh      PATH1=/tmp/images      PATH2=/usr/www/images      for i in `ls ${PATH1}/*`      do      tar xvf  $i  -C $PATH2      done

这个脚本是针对所有tar文件在一个目录,但是实际情况中,有可能在下级或者更深的目录,我们可以使用find查找

#!/bin/sh      PATH1=/tmp/images      PATH2=/usr/www/images      for i in `find  $PATH1  -name  ”*.tar” `      do      tar xvf  $i  -C $PATH2      done

如何是zip文件,例如123189.zip 132342.zip 等等批量文件,默认unzip直接解压不带自身目录,意思是解压123189.zip完当前目录就是图片,不能创建123189目录下并解压,可以用shell脚本实现

ssh 批量上传文件

上传文件大多数用的是ftp,但是用ftp有一点不好,就是本地和远程的目录要对应,这样就要在多个目录下去切换,这样挺麻烦的,如果不注意的话,很有可能传错。所以想了个办法利用scp来批量上传文件或者目录。

一,scp上传不要输入密码

如果要用scp来上传文件,第一步就要去掉scp上传时要输入密码。要不然就没办法批量上传了。SSH免密码登陆:

1.在本机上生成id_rsa(私钥文件)和id_rsa.pub(公钥文件)

root@ubuntu:~# ssh-keygen -t rsa

直接按回车直到完成

2.修改目录权限

root@ubuntu:-# chmod 700 /用户根目录/.ssh root@ubuntu:-# chmod 600 /用户根目录/.ssh/authorized_keys

3.上传公钥文件到远程服务器,生成authorized_keys文件

root@ubuntu:-# scp /用户根目录/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.1.11:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

此处也可以直接拷贝公钥到要实现免密码登陆的服务器此文件中,可以根据自己爱好选择实现方式

二,ssh批量上传脚本

1,要上传的文件列表放到一个test文件中

root@ubuntu:/home/zhangy# cat test        /home/zhangy/test/aaa        /home/zhangy/test/nginx.conf        /home/zhangy/test/test.sql        /home/zhangy/test/pa.txt        /home/zhangy/test/password

上面就要上传的文件。

2,批量上传的脚本

vim file_upload.sh

#!/bin/sh      DATE=`date +%Y_%m_%d_%H`      if [ $1 ]      then        for file in $(sed '/^$/d' $1)     //去掉空行        do          if [ -f $file ]                 //普通文件          then            res=`scp $file $2:$file`      //上传文件            if [ -z $res ]                //上传成功            then              echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log   //上传成功的日志            fi          elif [ -d $file ]              //目录          then            res=`scp -r $file $2:$file`            if [ -z $res ]            then              echo $file >> ${DATE}_upload.log            fi          fi        done      else        echo "no file" >> ${DATE}_error.log      fi

上传成功后,返回的是一个空行,上传不成功,什么都不返回

3,上传的格式

./file_upload.sh test 192.168.1.13

test是上传列表文件,192.168.1.13文件要传到的地方。

1. 转换文件大小写:

A script to convert the specified filenames to lower case.

#!/bin/sh       # lowerit      # convert all file names in the current directory to lower case      # only operates on plain files--does not change the name of directories      # will ask for verification before overwriting an existing file      for x in `ls`      do          if [ ! -f $x ]; then              continue          fi          lc=`echo $x  | tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]'`          if [ $lc != $x ]; then              mv -i $x $lc          fi      done

or

if test $# = 0      then          echo "Usage $0: 
" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for filename in "$@" do new_filename=`echo "$filename" | tr A-Z a-z` test "$filename" = "$new_filename" && continue if test -r "$new_filename" then echo "$0: $new_filename exists" 1>&2 elif test -e "$filename" then mv "$filename" "$new_filename" else echo "$0: $filename not found" 1>&2 fi done

2. 看网站 Watch a Website

A script to repeated download a webpage until it matches a regex then notify an e-mail address.

For example to get e-mail when Kesha tickets (not for yourself of course) go on sale you might run:

% watch_website.sh http://ticketek.com.au/ 'Ke[sS$]+ha' andrewt@cse.unsw.edu.au      repeat_seconds=300  #check every 5 minutes      if test $# = 3      then          url=$1          regexp=$2          email_address=$3      else          echo "Usage: $0 
" 1>&2 exit 1 fi while true do if wget -O- -q "$url"|egrep "$regexp" >/dev/null then echo "Generated by $0" | mail -s "$url now matches $regexp" $email_address exit 0 fi sleep $repeat_seconds done

3. 转GIF到PNG convert GIF files to PNG

This scripts converts GIF files to PNG files via the intermediate PPM format.

if [ $# -eq 0 ]      then          echo "Usage: $0 files..." 1>&2          exit 1      fi      if ! type giftopnm 2>/dev/null      then          echo "$0: conversion tool giftopnm not found " 1>&2          exit 1      fi      # missing "in ..." defaults to in "$@"      for f      do          case "$f" in          *.gif)              # OK, do nothing              ;;          *)              echo "gif2png: skipping $f, not GIF"              continue              ;;          esac          dir=`dirname "$f"`          base=`basename "$f" .gif`          result="$dir/$base.png"          giftopnm "$f" | pnmtopng > $result && echo "wrote $result"      done

4. 计数 Counting

A utility script to print the sub-range of integers specified by its arguments.

Useful to use on the command line or from other scripts

if test $# = 1      then          start=1          finish=$1      elif test $# = 2      then          start=$1          finish=$2      else          echo "Usage: $0 
" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for argument in "$@" do if echo "$argument"|egrep -v '^-?[0-9]+$' >/dev/null then echo "$0: argument '$argument' is not an integer" 1>&2 exit 1 fi done number=$start while test $number -le $finish do echo $number number=`expr $number + 1` # or number=$(($number + 1)) done

5. 字频率 Word Frequency

Count the number of time each different word occurs in the files given as arguments.

sed 's/ /\n/g' "$@"|      # convert to one word per line      tr A-Z a-z|               # map uppercase to lower case      sed "s/[^a-z']//g"|       # remove all characters except a-z and '        egrep -v '^$'|             # remove empty lines      sort|                     # place words in alphabetical order      uniq -c|                  # use uniq to count how many times each word occurs      sort -n                   # order words in frequency of occurrance   For example    % cd /home/cs2041/public_html/lec/shell/examples      % ./word_frequency.sh dracula.txt|tail         2124 it         2440 that         2486 in         2549 he         2911 a         3600 of         4448 to         4740 i         5833 and         7843 the

6. Finding

Search $PATH for the specified programs

if test $# = 0      then          echo "Usage $0: 
" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for program in "$@" do program_found='' for directory in `echo "$PATH" | tr ':' ' '` do f="$directory/$program" if test -x "$f" then ls -ld "$f" program_found=1 fi done if test -z $program_found then echo "$program not found" fi done

Alternative implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||

if test $# = 0      then          echo "Usage $0: 
" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for program in "$@" do echo "$PATH"| tr ':' '\n'| while read directory do f="$directory/$program" if test -x "$f" then ls -ld "$f" fi done| egrep '.' || echo "$program not found" done

And another implementation using while, and a cute use of grep and ||

if test $# = 0      then          echo "Usage $0: 
" 1>&2 exit 1 fi for program in "$@" do n_path_components=`echo $PATH|tr -d -c :|wc -c` index=1 while test $index -le $n_path_components do directory=`echo "$PATH"|cut -d: -f$index` f="$directory/$program" if test -x "$f" then ls -ld "$f" program_found=1 fi index=`expr $index + 1` done test -n $program_found || echo "$program not found" done

转载地址:http://obrji.baihongyu.com/

你可能感兴趣的文章
No devices detected. Fatal server error: no screens found
查看>>
新版本的linux如何生成xorg.conf
查看>>
virbr0 虚拟网卡卸载方法
查看>>
Centos 6.0_x86-64 终于成功安装官方显卡驱动
查看>>
Linux基础教程:CentOS卸载KDE桌面
查看>>
hd cdnServer 51cdn / ChinaCache / ATS / Apache Traffic Server
查看>>
project web architecture
查看>>
OS + Unix HP-UX
查看>>
OS + Unix Solaris / openSolaris
查看>>
db sql montior
查看>>
Unix + SCO UnixWare
查看>>
db db2 books
查看>>
read humor_campus
查看>>
IBM WebSphere Commerce Analyzer
查看>>
Unix + OS IBM Aix System Director
查看>>
Unix + OS IBM Aix FTP / wu-ftp / proftp
查看>>
my read work
查看>>
db db2 base / instance database tablespace container
查看>>
hd disk / disk raid / disk io / iops / iostat / iowait / iotop / iometer
查看>>
project ASP.NET
查看>>